These watches could be used not only independent of daylight, but were also easy to handle and readily available. In addition to the candles and oil lamps were, slowly burn off, fuses and fire watches in China also, sometimes used with the passage of time alternating fragrances.
The medieval life was regulated by a variety of bell towers of the church and city. Not only the prayer times of the monasteries, but also eg opening times of gates, court and market times and other important times of the day and night were heralded by the watchmen. For this purpose, a reliable indicator of the time was needed, a need that did not meet the sun and water clocks.
As an epochal invention must be considered inhibition, which only allowed the development of the mechanical clock. Since pre-Christian times gears were usedand by the Arab Water clocks complicated machines were known, but only the inhibition made from the free running gear a clock. From when the mechanical clock was used is not known.
The mechanical clock was quickly watchmen use to display the right time for the striking of the bells. First, the watch towers with alarm mechanism and chime hung in the parlor of the watchman, they later migrated as large, wrought-iron clock tower in the town halls, church and watch towers to the public display the time. The regulator earlier mechanical clocks was the Foliot, a simple but robust device that allowed passage accuracies of about 10 minutes per day. These watches were set using sundials or lunch referrers to the local time.
The earliest record of a mechanical clock is dated in 1335 and refers to a device in the chapel of the palace of the Visconti of Milan. With the invention of the striking clock, it was possible for the first time in 1344, equinoctial hours mechanical read. In 1370 in Paris, a first striking clock publicly visible at the Tour de l'Horloge mentioned corner tower of the Palais de la Cité was affixed. In the 14th Century in Europe originated in rapid succession many public mechanical clocks, of which about 500 are now documented yet. In addition, a large number of clocks can be assumed that there were no documented expression.
Above all, the findings of astronomy and mathematics at that time took great influence on the development of the mechanical clock. Some monumental astronomical clock with a variety of complicated ads from this period. European monarchs and wealthy citizens by the same principle smaller clocks were made of iron. Although they had astronomical ads, they served mostly representative purposes. At the same time took place to change from public to domestic clock.
Hourglasses spread simultaneously in Central Europe with the mechanical clocks in the 14th Century. Centers for their production were Nuremberg and Venice, who possessed suitable sand deposits. hourglasses are only suitable for the measurement of relatively short periods of time and were, for example, in shipping to determine the travel speed and the ship's bell clock to the 19th Century in use.
First, mechanical clocks, made apart from some individual artists, especially from locksmiths or gunsmiths and repairs that were already organized in guilds in the Middle Ages. From their ranks are specialized master of the craft of watchmaking. Already in 1450 are independent watchmakers guilds, such as Vienna, detectable. Very soon after the invention of the mechanical clock-iron, there were also attempts to build such a watch made of wood. Also, tower of online stopwatch clocks, some of which were made of wood, are well known. Contrary to common opinion, the first wooden wheel clocks were far from simple commodities, but often artfully crafted and designed for princes or high clergy. It was not until the early 17th Century there was a rapid and wide dissemination of simple wooden wheel clocks in Central Europe, especially in Switzerland, France and Southern Germany
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